Pioneer species at mangrove swamp have special adaptations that enable them to survive on dry and nutrient-poor soil.Pioneer species are hardly plants which usually have dense root systems to bind the sand particles and hold water and humus.They have  a short life cycle.When thet die,their remains add to the humus content of the soil.Hence,the pioneer species modify the environment,eventually cerating condotions which are less favourable to themselves,Instead, they establesh conditions that are more condusive to other species which are called successor species.Examaples of successor species at mangrove swamps are Rhizophora sp and Brugeira sp.